Operation performed on a remote computer through a computer network, as if it were a local connection.

Run a program.

Device that intervenes in the system of transmission of data packets over the Internet. Routers read the address of a data packet and decide which path it should follow towards its destination.

A device on a machine where data or instructions are stored that can later be used.

RAM is the acronym for Random Access Memory. This is the memory that, in a computer, is used by a processor to receive instructions and save the results. RAM can be said to be the work area of ​​a computer's software.

ROM (readonly memory) is the memory that is used to store programs that start up the computer and perform diagnostics.

International telematic communication standards that regulate programming orders and hard drive compression standards used by modems.

Cabinet that helps to organize the entire computer system of a company. It has supports to connect the equipment with a standard separation of 19”. It must be provided with fans and air extractors, as well as adequate power connections. There are open models that only have the supports with the 19” separation and other more expensive ones that are closed and have a panoramic door to supervise the operation of the active equipment and the status of the connections. There are also other models that are to be attached to the wall, these are not very large.

Remote Authentication Dial In User Service. It is defined in RFC 2865, protocol for remote authentication. RADIUS allows the centralized management of authentication data, such as user names and passwords. When a user tries to connect to a RADIUS client, such as a router, the router sends an authentication request to the RADIUS client. Communication between the RADIUS client and the RADIUS server is authenticated and encrypted using a shared secret, which is not transmitted over the network.

Array Independent Disk. A method of combining several hard drives to form a single logical unit on which data is stored redundantly. It offers greater fault tolerance and higher levels of performance than a single hard drive or a group of independent hard drives.

Realtime Blackhole List (Real-time blackhole list). Lists of IPs that are detected as possible spam threats, or that have been detected sending spam. These lists can be consulted (the free ones) by mail servers, in real time, and if an email is detected that comes from an IP that appears on the lists, the email is blocked. These lists are usually made by people, or groups, and can be used for free, but you have to know very well what the criteria are for the dozens of lists that exist, since there are many that are so drastic that they surely block real emails.

Integrated Services Digital Network. High-speed communications standard that integrates different services, such as telephony, data transmission, e-mail, or multimedia, into a single digital network (normally fiber optic). ISDN has two channels on a single line and allows you to talk on the phone while surfing the Internet or sending an e-mail. The maximum data transmission speed is 100 Kbps.

Audio format developed by RealNetworks. It uses a variety of audio codecs that allow such compression as to stream over dialup. Even many Internet radio stations use RealAudio to transmit their programs in real time. It can be combined with Real Video to form a Real Media file. They use the extension “.ra” for their audio files.

RealMedia is a term used to refer to file formats and related clients and servers from their creator, RealNetworks.

Return of an email message due to problems in delivering it to the recipient.

Restart the computer

It measures the quality of an image in horizontal lines of resolution. A VHS video displays 240 lines; a DVD displays more than double that number.

Maximum number of points (pixels) that can be displayed simultaneously on the screen.

Media technology which has been developed to deliver interactive multimedia or expanded creative space for users.

Complementary function of backup. It is used to restore or recover files that were previously saved in backup copies.

A key on the keyboard used to confirm the execution of commands, the launching of programs, or the selection of options from a menu. It is also called "Enter" or "Intro".

This is the attempt to discover the design from the machine. It is not an illegal activity. This term is also used to use the activity of ‘cracking’, in its aspect of unprotecting programs.

Radio Frequency. Technology used in radio, television and broadband networks to transmit information. It uses carrier signals in the megahertz range (MHz)

RoR. Rails. Open source web application framework written in the Ruby programming language, following the Model View Controller (MVC) architecture. It attempts to combine simplicity with the possibility of developing real applications by writing less code than with other frameworks and with a minimum of configuration.

Reduced Instruction Set Computer. A type of processor that incorporates a reduced instruction set. It is contrasted with CISC technology, which uses an extended instruction set.

It is a path that starts from the current directory as the source. This path is only relative to a directory. They usually begin without the / character, example: ../../panamacom.html, giving rise to the MOV format. The latest versions have streaming functions.

A set of instructions that perform a very specific function within a program or on a hardware device. For example, a routine may be the copy function in a word processor.

A general-purpose, dynamic, reflective programming language. It originated in Japan in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto and combines Perl-inspired syntax and Smalltalk-like object-oriented features.

Standard telephone connector widely used in the USA. It is similar to RJ-14, but the latter is double.

It is one of the two types of connectors used in computers, it uses a cable and a connector very similar to those of the telephone, where each PC has its own cable and all of them can be connected to a HUB. If one of the cables or connectors is damaged, this equipment will be disconnected from the others but the network continues to function normally.

GSM mobile phone functionality that allows them to connect to various telephone networks. This is useful when traveling abroad.

Science dedicated to the design and creation of robots.

Programs that travel the Web in order to index pages and locate errors in order to feed search engines. These programs are submitted to and maintained by search engines.

Root. It can refer to the initial directory of a file system, or also to the user who administers a Unix/Linux system.

In walker. Router. Device for connecting telematic networks and routing information packets to their destination. Controls traffic on the network.

Package Manager. Red Hat Package Manager. It is a tool that facilitates package management, designed basically for Linux. It is capable of installing, updating, uninstalling, verifying and requesting programs. It was originally developed by Red Hat for Red Hat Linux, but nowadays many Linux distributions use it, among which the most notable are Fedora Linux, MandrivaLinux, SuSE Linux, Conectiva Linux and other simpler ones like SabiosS Linux. It has also been ported to other operating systems

A widely used public-key cryptographic algorithm which is patented by the authors who give it its name.

Really Simple Syndication. Really Simple Syndication. It is part of the XML format family. It allows information to be shared and used on other websites or programs. This is known as syndication. It is widely used by websites to distribute and share news, or any type of content. You need software to distribute it and software to read it, but even if this is the case, RSS is very popular. For a free RSS reader you can go to Attensa Software.

File synchronization tool, which allows a client and a server to remain synchronized without sending modified files and without the need to maintain a history or log of changes.

Real Time Protocol. Real Time Protocol. Protocol used for the transmission of information in real time, in applications where a source generates a flow of data at a constant speed, and one or more destination devices deliver that data to an application, at the same constant speed, as in the case of videoconferencing and live video distribution.

Using the resources of a computer from a terminal that is not located near the computer.

An operation is performed in real time when it is executed at the same time as it is requested.

A unit of storage of information is accessible sequential when it stops recover any information you need to read the content of the unit from the beginning. When you know the name of a file for recovering it is necessary read the files in the same order in which they were recorded until find the one we are looking for. Tape drives have sequential access.

The memory gives the processor temporary storage for programs and data. All programs and data must be transferred to memory from a input device or from storage secondary (floppy disk), before the programs can be executed or the data be processed. The computers use 2 types primary memory: •ROM (read only memory), read-only memory •RAM (Random Access Memory), memory random access. The data provided to the computer remain in the primary storage until they are used in the prosecution. During the processing, the primary storage stores the data intermediate and final stages of all operations arithmetic and logic. He primary storage must also save the instructions of the programs used in prosecution. memory It is subdivided into cells individual each of the which has a capacity similar to store data.

Storage medium definitive (non-volatile like that of RAM memory). He transfer process of data to a computer computing is called reading procedure. He transfer process data from computer towards storage called procedure writing. At present it can mainly use two technologies for store information: 1.- Magnetic. (Ex. Disk hard, diskette) 2.- Optical. (e.g. some devices combine both technologies.

A type of file that contains other files inside it because they have been compressed (typically using the ZIP format) so that they can be transmitted more efficiently and quickly.

Programs for electronic editing and layout of documents. They allow the design of newspapers and all kinds of publications. Among the most recognized are QuarkXPress, PageMaker, Ventura...

Method of transmitting one bit at a time over a single line.

Search engines are those that are designed to make it easier to find other websites or web pages. There are two types of search engines: spiders, such as Google, and directories, such as Yahoo.

These are the instructions of a program in their original form. The word source differentiates the code from several other possible forms (e.g., object code and executable code). In order to run the program, the programmer needs to translate all this into machine language, so that the computer can understand it.

Transient cookies. These are cookies that are deleted when the user closes the web browser. A session cookie is stored temporarily in memory and is not retained after the browser is closed. Session cookies do not collect information from the user's computer. They typically store information about a session identification that does not identify the user.

Fixed IP address that Internet access providers assign to some of their customers.

This occurs when everything we type or the description of the operations performed by the computer appears immediately written on the screen. When working with the MS/DOS operating system the screen echo can be disconnected by using the instruction: ECHO OFF

Feature that allows computer systems to grow, both in power and performance, without having to renew the equipment.

CSS, Cascading Style Sheet. In more advanced browsers, style sheets contain a set of common characteristics for a series of web pages on the website. Thus, when necessary, changing a characteristic of the style sheet will automatically change it on all associated web pages.

Program specialized in the realization of cost studies and complex calculations. It is based on the use of cells in which numbers or formulas can be placed. One of the most widely used spreadsheets is Excel (Microsoft)

This is a type of inkjet printer that works by melting wax-based inks and then spraying them onto paper. These printers produce very vivid colors and can print on virtually any surface, but they are relatively slow and very expensive. They are also known as phase-change printers.

It is an old interface standard for connecting hard disk drives to PCs. Modern standards, such as enhanced IDE or SCSI, support higher data rates. ST-506 is often called MFM, which is one of the encoding schemes used on ST-506 drives, which are still prevalent today from that era. ST-506 also supports the RLL encoding format.

A light-sensitive pen-shaped device that provides information to the computer as it moves over a screen; it reports on the part of the screen that it points to.

Process by which an original signal is transformed to adapt it to the channel through which it is to be transmitted (this process is carried out on a signal that will serve as a support called a "carrier signal"). For example, a modem modulates the computer's digital signal so that it can be transmitted through analog telephone lines.

A type of NAT in which a private IP address is mapped to a public IP address, and where that public address is always the same. This allows an internal host, such as a Web server, to have an unregistered (private) IP address but still be visible on the Internet.

Sysop.

A CRT, plasma, LCD monitor, or other image-displaying device that your computer uses as a display output device.

A screen saver is a computer program designed to preserve the image quality of cathode ray tube monitors that could not be turned off by software.

A serial port or serial port is a digital data communications interface, frequently used by computers and peripherals, where information is transmitted bit by bit.

The number of pixels that can be placed in a given display mode. These pixels are distributed between the total horizontal and vertical pixels. All monitors can work in multiple modes, but depending on the size of the monitor, some will be more useful than others. A monitor with a maximum resolution of 1024x768 pixels can represent up to 768 horizontal lines of 1024 pixels each, probably in addition to other lower resolutions, such as 640x480 or 800x600.

Browser from Apple, with versions for Windows and Mac. Download Safari.

SAP Corporation was founded in 1972 and has developed into the fifth-largest software company in the world. The name SAP is both the name of a company and a computer program. This system comprises many fully integrated modules, covering virtually all aspects of business administration and accounting.

Serial Attached SCSI. This is a new generation of serial communication protocol, created to allow for higher data transfer speeds, while being compatible with SATA. SAS uses serial communication instead of parallel, found in traditional SCSI devices, although it does use SCSI commands to interact with SAS devices. The SAS connector is much smaller than traditional parallel SCSI, which allows for 2.5-inch drives.

Serial ATA or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. Standard for connecting hard drives to the computer. As its name suggests, SATA is based on serial technology, as opposed to IDE hard drives, which use parallel signaling technology.

Scrolling. Scroll bars on a screen or window allow them to scroll horizontally or vertically.

Small Computer System Interface. Hardware interface for connecting multiple peripherals that provides fast and continuous data transmission.

Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. SDRAM memories can run at 133 MHz, which is much faster than previous RAM technologies.

Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line. High-speed data transfer system on normal telephone lines.

Part of a disk reserved for the bootstrap loader of an operating system, a small program in machine language that resides in the ROM and that runs automatically when the PC is restarted or turned off, after some basic hardware tests the program calls other larger programs which in turn call the operating system.

SET. Secure Electronic Transaction. Protocol created by Visa and MasterCard in order to allow electronic transactions (mainly buying and selling) over the Internet.

Materials that the user can select and use when he wants (for example: a book). The “mass media” on the other hand often must be used necessarily at a precise moment (for example: television).

Email server program commonly used in UNIX, FreeBSD and Linux, among others. http://www. sendmail.org.

A central computer in a network system that provides service and resources (programs, communications, files, etc.) to other computers (clients) connected to it. A server is a computer that handles data requests, email, networking services, and file transfers from other computers (clients). It may also refer to specific software, such as a WWW server.

Serial communication method in which data is sent as a continuous stream of bits.

Shopping Cart.

A program through which a user communicates with the operating system. There are several types (flavors) of UNIX shells, such as Bourne, Korn, C, shell.

Software that users can use free of charge for a certain period of time. Beyond this period, they must pay a fee if they wish to continue using it. The rule for its use is that payment is requested after an evaluation period (usually 30 days).

Standardized General Markup Language. International standard for the definition of methods of representing text in electronic form that are not tied to any system or device.

Special type of server designed with the purpose of making it as difficult as possible for unauthorized persons to access the information contained therein. It is noted that a particularly protected type of secure server is the one used in electronic commerce transactions.

Small Java application (applet) which runs on a web server and is sent to the user along with a web page in order to perform certain functions, such as accessing databases or customizing said web pages.

Software or service that allows communication between people point-to-point, over the Internet, for free. It is focused on this purpose, therefore it is very effective even with relatively low bandwidths (128k). It allows conferencing. Skype's competition is Google Talk, among others. www.skype.com

Internet Serial Line Protocol. A protocol that allows a direct connection to the Internet. It is less reliable than a PPP connection.

Expansion slot. Connector or socket on the motherboard where the computer's peripheral controller and expansion cards are inserted.

Short Messaging Service. Short message service, very popular among mobile phone users. It is inexpensive, and even almost free if the messages are sent from a computer connected to the Internet.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Simple message transfer protocol A protocol used to transfer electronic mail messages between computers.

A program that searches for keywords that have been given to it in packets passing through a node in order to obtain information and is usually used for illegal purposes. For example, a sniffer can be instructed to search for the keyword "password." It's not really that simple. However, such problems are easily solved with some kind of electronic security policy, such as a firewall.

Simple Network Management Protocol. Standard protocol for network management on the Internet. Virtually all operating systems, routers, switches, cable modems or ADSL modems, firewalls, etc. are offered with this service.

Service Oriented Architecture. ServiceOriented Architecture. Interaction of two computing entities in such a way that allows one entity to perform a unit of work on behalf of the other. The unit of work is called a service, and the interaction between services is defined using a descriptive language. In a SOA environment, network nodes make their resources available to other network participants as independent services that are accessed in a standardized way. Web Services based on SOAP and WSDL are becoming the most common implementation of SOA. However, there are independent SOA implementations of Web Services that provide the same benefits.

Simple Object Access Protocol. Protocol created by Microsoft, IBM and others, which allows communication between applications through Internet messages, using XML. It is language and platform independent, and has contributed greatly to the rise of Web 2.0.

Logical support. All types of programs, utilities, applications, operating systems, drivers that make it possible for the user to work with the machine. This refers to programs in general, applications, games, operating systems, utilities, antivirus, etc. Anything that can be run on the computer.

Sending unsolicited advertising emails that are sent to lists of hundreds of thousands of users. This is considered highly unethical, since the recipient pays to be connected to the Internet and should not have to put up with these practices. This type of message causes serious inconvenience and leads to significant losses of time and resources. Mass, indiscriminate and unsolicited sending of advertising via email.

High-capacity, high-performance open-source proxy/cache server, widely used on Linux servers.

Server Side Include. This is usually used to build dynamic web pages. It is used with the SHTML extension, although it can be used as HTML if specified in this way on the web server. An example of SSI is a menu that is repeated on all pages of the website. Just by changing that menu file, it changes on all pages. Since languages ​​like PHP, ASP, etc. offer the same and much more, SSI is not widely used.

Secure Socket Layer. Protocol created by Netscape in order to make possible the encrypted and therefore secure transmission of information through the network where only the server and the client will be able to understand a given text.

Continuous flow. A way of playing sound and video files as they are downloaded from the Internet, without waiting to have the entire file completed on the computer. The fluidity of the process is achieved by temporarily storing in a buffer the information that arrives until the moment in which it must be played. The formats that support this technology are: RealAudio, Real-Video, QuickTime, W i n d o w s M e d i a , Schockwave.

Video streaming. A method of transmitting moving images (a film) over the Internet. The images, which may be pre-recorded or broadcast live and may be accompanied by sound, are transmitted compressed to optimize the delivery time. The user, who must have a program for viewing the masses, normally integrated into his browser, receives them as they arrive. If the images are accompanied by sound, this type of transmission is called streaming media.

Do something as the supervisor. Do something as the administrator. This is a Unix command that comes from “su do”. It allows a user to be given access to certain administrator commands, without having to use the password or access the system as root.

A set of programs that cover the main office applications: word processor, spreadsheet, database, personal diary, management graphics program... They are usually marketed in a single package.

Company located in Mountain View, California that makes computer hardware and software. It is best known for creating UNIX programs, and in recent years for developing the programming language, Java. Sun's other products, among many, include the SPARC workstations and the UNIX environment, Solaris.

Video Graphics Array (VGA) or Video Graphic Array is used to refer to: A standard analog computer display. The resolution is 640 × 480 pixels. The connector is 15-pin D subminiature.

Equipment that, by means of the physical address of the equipment (Mac address) in the data packets, determines to which port to forward the data. It is usually associated with the “Gateway”. Small switch that is used to configure the motherboard and the cards of the computers.

System Operator. System operator. Person responsible for the operation of a system or a network.