They are the large telematic communication networks, such as the Internet.

A type of magnetic tape that uses the same technology as VCR tapes. The term helical scan usually refers to 8 mm tapes, although 4 mm tapes (DAT tapes) use the same technology. 8 mm helical scan tapes have capacities of up to 40 GB.

Digital data transmission is a method of error detection and correction in which each four-bit string is replaced with a seven-bit string. The last three bits added are parity check bits that the receiver uses to check for and correct errors. The Hamming code detects any double error but can only correct a single error. This method is recommended only for situations where errors may occur at random, but not where errors are clustered.

Connecting a peripheral to the central unit that does not require turning off or restarting the computer (for example, peripherals are usually connected via the USB port while hot-plugging).

A metal disk covered with a magnetic recording surface. Using an analogy with musical records, the flat sides of the platter are the recording surface, the tone arm is the pickup arm, and the stylus is the playback/recording head. Magnetic discs can be recorded, erased, and re-recorded like audio tape.

Storage medium in the form of thin, rotating, circular plates covered by a magnetic film. The data is recorded in concentric tracks on said film and is read by heads that slide smoothly over them.

Device that helps to eliminate the heat generated by a body, generally the computer's microprocessor, sometimes with the help of a fan. To do this, it seeks to have good heat conduction (usually made of copper) and a large surface area.

Also known as MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding), it is a video compression standard that offers significantly higher compression than its predecessors. It is expected to provide up to twice the compression of MPEG-4 ASP (Advanced Simple Profile). H.264 can deliver DVD-quality video at less than 1 Mbps

Computer scientist whose objective is to break through the security barriers of the Internet and access the information of individuals and companies. Generally they limit themselves to leaving their signature and do not cause damage. A person who has a deep knowledge of the operation of networks so that they can detect errors and security flaws. Just like a cracker, they seek to access computer systems through various means but with the purpose of prominence.

Handshake. Protocol for beginning communication between two machines or systems.

Method for controlling the flow of data between two devices.

It refers to all the physical components (that can be touched) of the computer: disks, disk drives, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, motherboards, chips and other peripherals. On the other hand, software is untouchable; it exists as ideas, concepts, symbols, but it has no substance.

High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line. High-speed data transmission system that uses two twisted pairs of wires. It is symmetrical, which means that it has the same upstream and downstream bandwidth.

The initial part of a packet that precedes the actual data and contains the sender and recipient addresses, error control, and other fields. The portion of an e-mail message that precedes the actual message and contains, among other things, the message sender, date, and time.

Unit used to measure the frequency of vibrations of electrical waves, and which represents 1 cycle/second. It is used to measure the working speed of microprocessors, the refresh rate of information displayed on monitors...

A base-16 number system, consisting of 16 symbols: the numbers 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. For example, the decimal number 15 is represented as F in hexadecimal. The hexadecimal system is useful because it can represent each byte (8 bits) as two consecutive hexadecimal digits. It is easier for humans to read hexadecimal numbers than binary numbers.

Elements (texts, graphics...) highlighted on a web page that allow direct access to another page.

Multimedia program that also contains hyperlinks.

Word or fragment of a text that contains links to other parts of a document or to other documents located on the same website or another website. Clicking on a hypertext link (which is usually underlined) takes you directly to the linked document.

Hyperlink. Link. Link existing in a hypertext document that points or links to another document that may or may not be another hypertext document.

Number of visits made to a web page server.

A term used to define false rumors, especially about non-existent viruses, spread over the Internet, and sometimes they are very successful and cause almost as much damage as if it were a real virus. We recommend that you check any story that comes to you by email before forwarding it, at Snopes.com.

Home page, front page. It is the first page of a WWW server.

Hop. Term used to name each of the steps that must be taken in order to get from one point of origin to another of destinations along a network through routers.

Main computer on a network that manages services that will be used by the other machines that are connected to the system.

Web Hosting service consists of storing data, applications or information within servers designed to carry out this task. The servers in turn must be placed in buildings or structures called data centers, with their proper electrical plant, security and connectivity with the largest telecommunications providers (backbones) in the world, in order to offer good bandwidth.

Telephone service, usually free, that some companies offer to their customers.

One of the largest Internet search engines, by 1998 it had 110 million pages indexed. It was acquired by Lycos in October 1998. http://www.hotbot. com

One of the most popular sites that provide free email accounts (@hotmail.com), has millions of users worldwide. It was purchased by MSN Networks, a company member of the Microsoft group. http:// www. hotmail.com

Areas where WiFi is accessible.

Hewlett-Packard, one of the largest computer and electronics companies in the world. Founded in 1939 by William Hewlett and David Packard, HP is best known today for its line of laser printers. However, they produce more than 10,000 different products, from computer systems to ultra-specialized electronic devices.

HyperText Mark-up Language. Language used to create Web pages. It can include hypertext links, images, sounds and Java applets. HTML files are usually viewed by browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox and Safari, among others. It is independent of the computer's operating system.

Hyper Text Transport Protocol. Protocol for transferring web pages as they are displayed with Netscape, Internet Explorer browsers...

Hub that allows different connections of a network to be linked. The central connection point for a group of nodes; useful for administration

Communications program for modems included in the Windows operating system.

Located above the first 640 Kbyte of RAM and reaching up to 1,024 Kbyte. It is necessary to properly configure the computer to take advantage of it.

Home page. Entry page to a website. It usually includes a table of contents of the website and links to the contents and other related web pages.

A person who copies software illegally and sells it without a license. Sometimes he also tries to obtain confidential information from other Internet users in order to use it illegally.

Emerging science, which is responsible for carrying out the strategic planning prior to the creation of a website. In which structural diagrams and architectural plans are drawn up where the parts of a website can be identified, the classification, interaction design, navigation system, usability, information labeling and determining the impact that the information design will have on the final result of a web project. Taking as a reference the successful user experience, as the final objective.

Place where received email messages are stored, along with their attachments.

Folder in an e-mail program where received messages appear.

Container where the equipment is provided with the toner necessary to perform its printing task.

Chip. Electronic circuit that may include a large number of components, it is manufactured on a silicon base and usually measures a few square millimeters.

There are several systems: •Conventional modem and telephone line (allows speeds of up to 56 Kbps) •ISDN with digital modem (128 Kbps) •ADSL with specific modem (currently 256 Kbps in the direction of the user and 12 Kbps in the opposite direction, but can reach up to 8 Mbps) •Fiber optic cable (offers speeds similar to ADSL, but could reach 10 Mbps) •PLC through power lines (between 2 Mbps and 25 Mbps).

A series of numbers that is assigned to each computer connected to the Internet (Internet client) to route information to it (for example: 193.127.85.01). IP addresses correspond to Internet domain names, but they can change, while domain names do not vary because the server does not change. DNS matches them with IP addresses and also allows interaction with other directories.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. A nonprofit organization that operates internationally, responsible for assigning Internet Protocol (IP) numeric address space, protocol identifiers, and the management functions of the generic top-level domain (gTLD) and country code (ccTLD) name system, as well as the administration of the root server system. Although initially these services were performed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and other entities under contract to the U.S. government,

Internet Control Message Protocol. Internet Message Control Protocol. It is an extension of IP (Internet Protocol) defined by RFC 792. It allows the generation of error messages, test packets and information related to an IP.

Image. Graphic symbol that appears on a computer screen in order to represent either a specific action to be performed by the user (running a program, reading information, printing a text, a document, a device, a system status, etc.).

Integrated/Inte l l igent Drive Electronics. This is an ATA specification. It is the most common disk interface for hard drives, CD ROMS, etc. It is easy to use, but also has many limitations. IDE is built into the motherboard. The mainframe adapter controls up to two IDE drives.

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer. International association that regulates computer and electronic standards. International, non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of electrical-related technology. It has the largest membership of any professional technical organization in the world, with more than 365,000 members in nearly 150 countries. IEEE is one of the world's leading standards-setting organizations.

Serial bus standard for high-speed communications and transfer used in computers, digital audio, and video. The interface is known as FireWire by Apple and iLink by Sony.

Microsoft Internet Information Services. Microsoft Internet Information Services. IIS is a set of Internet-based services for Windows machines. It was originally provided as an option in Windows NT, but was later integrated into Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003. It includes servers for FTP, SMTP, NNTP, and HTTP/HTTPS.

Internet Message Access Proto-col. Internet Message Access Protocol. Designed to allow remote mailboxes to be handled as if they were local, IMAP requires a server to act as a post office, but instead of reading the entire mailbox and deleting it, it requests only the headers of each message. Messages can be marked as deleted without completely deleting them, since they remain in the mailbox until the user confirms their deletion. Using IMAP, email can be accessed from any computer with an Internet connection.

Implement or install a computer system.

An ad is the appearance of an ad on a Web page that has been visited. For example, if the page the user visits has 3 ads, there are 3 impressions. Advertisers use impressions to measure the number of views their ads have received, and advertisers often sell their ads by pricing them by the number of impressions they offer. Impressions are allocated in a table maintained by a site's server and are usually sold on a cost-per-thousand (CPM) basis.

A type of printer that works by spraying ionized ink

Instant messaging.

Bands of electromagnetic waves that are below the bands of visible light.

It allows a continuous exchange of information between the user and the computer.

It is the point of communication between two electronic or computer elements. It could also be defined as the point of contact between the user, the computer and the program, for example, the keyboard or a menu.

Unwanted fluctuations in an electrical system that distort or alter signals.

Intelligent Drive Electronics / Integrated Drive Electronics. Interface for data storage devices, in which the controller is integrated within the disk drive or CD-ROM. Although it refers to such a general technology, people use that term to refer to the ATA specification, which uses this technology.

Interconnected Networks. Telecommunications network to which hundreds of millions of people, organizations and companies are connected around the world. Its creation was one of the most important events in the history of computer science. It is the information highway par excellence and is made up of a set of interrelated telematic networks that allow the communication of millions of users around the world. All computers on the Internet use the TCP/IP protocol to communicate.

Name given to the set of registration service providers. The InterNIC defines domain names worldwide.

A network of computers in an institution, usually located locally in a single building, that uses the TCP/IP communication protocols of the Internet. It is a private network within a company or organization that uses the same type of software used on the public Internet, but is for internal use only.

“Smart” mobile phone, created by the company Apple, whose operating system is based on Unix BSD (as well as MAC OS X), and is basically a miniature computer.

Internet Protocol. Set of rules that regulate the transmission of data packets over the Internet. The IP is the numerical address of a computer on the Internet, so that each electronic address is assigned to a computer connected to the Internet and is therefore unique. The IP address is made up of four octets, for example, 132.248.53.10

Small device created by Apple, which allows the rapid transfer of audio and video from the computer. It supports, depending on the model, gigabytes of information, allowing you to have thousands of songs and videos in a single device smaller than the palm of your hand.

Internet Relay Chat Internet networks that allow you to hold live conversations (via text or even voice) with people from all over the world. An IRC is accessed through specific programs or from certain web pages.

Infrared Data Association. System for the transmission of information using infrareds.

Interrup Request. Refers to the interrupt lines of computers. Through IRQ messages, peripherals inform the computer that they have finished the task they were performing and are ready to respond to new orders.

Internet Research Task Force. Internet Society organization made up of various groups that work on issues related to Internet protocols, architecture, and applications. It is made up of individuals rather than representatives of companies or organizations.

Industry Standard Architecture. A type of 16-bit expansion slot capable of delivering up to 16 MB/s at 8 MHz.

International Standards Organization is a network of national standards institutes made up of 157 countries, one member per country, with a central secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, where the entire system is coordinated. It is the largest developer and publisher of International Standards in the world.

Internet Service Provider. Organization or company whose mission is to provide Internet access and provide certain added services to users or companies. Companies or institutions that provide Internet access for individuals and companies

Information Technology. Information Technology. A very general term referring to the entire field of computer technology - from computer hardware and programming to network administration. Most medium- and large-sized companies have a department.

Graphic on the web that acts as a hotspot linking different areas of content when clicking on different parts of the image.

Instant Messaging (IM). Message exchange system between people, written in real time over networks.

Any of the servers that are permanently connected to the Internet.

An Internet service provider is a company that provides Internet connection to its customers. An ISP connects its users to the Internet through different technologies such as DSL, cable modem, GSM, dial-up, etc.

Package tracking provides you with up-to-date information about the location of your package. Shipment movement information is captured each time tracking labels are scanned in the delivery system of the agency selected for service.

Any of the bodies delegated by ICANN for matters related to network addresses.

All computers have an internal clock that sets the pace at which program instructions are executed. The higher its frequency (measured in Megahertz, Mhz), the greater the computer's processing speed.

A set of machines, computer programs and working techniques that are used to process specific data. It always involves three phases:- Data capture, gathering the information to be processed.- Processing this data: making calculations, classifying, translating...- Obtaining results, which are presented to users or stored.

Any of the computers that are permanently connected to the Internet, and facilitate temporary connection to other computers.

The analog voice signal is converted into a digital signal that can travel over the Internet. The quality of sound in TCP/IP networks depends on the bandwidth available.